Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machinery

Laminar flow through circular pipes, annulus and parallel plates; Stoke's law; measurement of viscosity; Reynolds experiment; transition from laminar to turbulent flow; Resistance to flow in smooth and rough pipes; Moody's diagram; Introduction to boundary layer theory

Comparison between open channel flow and pipe flow; geometrical parameters of a channel; Classification of open channels and open channel flow; Velocity distribution of a channel section; Hydraulically efficient sections: rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular; energy and momentum correction factors

Specific energy, critical flow, discharge curve; specific force, specific depth and critical depth; Measurement of discharge and velocity; Gradually varied flow and its dynamic equation; Hydraulic jump and its classification; elements, characteristics and energy dissipation

Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes; velocity triangles; work done and efficiency; Classification of turbines; Pelton wheel and its design; Francis turbine and its design; efficiency; draft tube theory; Characteristic curves of hydraulic turbines; cavitation - causes and effects

Working principle of a centrifugal pump; work done by impeller; heads, losses and efficiencies; Minimum starting speed; priming; specific speed; net positive suction head (NPSH); Performance and characteristic curves; cavitation effects; Multistage centrifugal pumps; troubles and remedies